Architecture vs building

What is it that lifts mere utilitarian buildings into the realm of “Architecture”?

We all have an idea of what great architecture is as we have witnessed such buildings around the world. For me, the Parthenon in Athens, Sagrada Familia Cathedral in Barcelona, and the Sydney Opera House immediately come to mind.

And closer to home in Christchurch I would suggest the Great Hall in the Arts Centre, the Christchurch Town Hall, and our new library Tūranga are all fine examples of Architecture with a capital ‘A’.

So, what do these and other buildings have that give them such a revered status?

The Roman architect and engineer Vitruvius wrote that fine buildings should have three main attributes: firmitas (strength – they should be structurally sound), utilitas (utility – they should be practical and have a purpose), and venustas (beauty – they should be aesthetically pleasing).

I believe these characteristics are still relevant today in assessing a building’s architectural merits. But there is more.

Great architecture should make you feel something – creating an emotional response. It should be memorable – there could be mystery or surprise.

And architecture has a duty to relate and respond to the location, be it built form, natural environment, climate, history or culture.

However, Architecture doesn’t need to be grand and expensive. Take for instance the Chapel Street Centre pictured above. This is an earthquake rebuild of the old Methodist Church that used to grace the site. While the budget was tight and the floor plan simple, the tower on the corner is a landmark recalling the old church spire, the low-level windows allow views in and out to the local community, and the large timber entry is a strong welcoming gesture drawing people in. Whilst a fairly modest building, it was recognised with a National Architecture Award by the NZ Institute of Architects.

Ultimately, Architecture distinguishes itself when strength, utility and beauty are balanced with sensitivity to context. The best buildings do more than perform; they resonate. Whether grand or modest, these works remind us that the spaces we inhabit shape our experiences, enrich our communities, and can inspire us to see the world differently.